• Annual Volume and Distribution of Physical Training in Norwegian Female Cross-Country Skiers and Biathletes: A Comparison Between Sports, Competition Levels, and Age Categories — The Female Endurance Athlete Project 

      Osborne, John Owen; Solli, Guro Strøm; Engseth, Tina Pettersen; Welde, Boye; Morseth, Bente; Noordhof, Dionne Adriana; Sandbakk, Øyvind Bucher; Andersson, Bror Erik Petrus (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2023-10-11)
      Purpose To describe and compare the annual physical training characteristics between Norwegian female cross-country (XC) skiers and biathletes across competition levels and age categories. Methods Daily training sessions for one year were recorded for 45 XC skiers and 26 biathletes, comprising international/national-team [inter(national)] and non-national/regional-team members (non-national) ...
    • Influence of menstrual cycle or hormonal contraceptive phase on physiological variables monitored during treadmill testing 

      Taipale-Mikkonen, Ritva S; Anna, Raitanen; Hackney, Anthony C.; Solli, Guro Strøm; Valtonen, Maarit; Peltonen, Heikki; McGawley, Kerry; Kyrolainen, Johanna; Ihalainen, Johanna K. (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-12-16)
      Purpose: To examine the influence of menstrual cycle (MC) and hormonal contraceptive (HC) cycle phases on physiological variables monitored during incremental treadmill testing in physically active women (eumenorrheic, EUM = 16 and monophasic HC-users, CHC = 12).<p> <p>Methods: Four running tests to exhaustion were performed at bleeding, mid follicular (mid FOL)/active 1, ovulation/active 2, and mid ...
    • Long-Term Development of Training Characteristics and Performance-Determining Factors in Elite/International and World-Class Endurance Athletes: A Scoping Review 

      Staff, Hanne Cesilie; Solli, Guro Strøm; Osborne, John Owen; Sandbakk, Øyvind Bucher (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2023-05-13)
      Objective - In this scoping review, we aimed to 1) identify and evaluate existing research that describes the long-term development of training characteristics and performance-determining factors in male and female endurance athletes reaching an elite/international (Tier 4) or world-class level (Tier 5), 2) summarize the available evidence and 3) point out existing knowledge gaps and provide ...
    • Offered Support and Knowledge about the Menstrual Cycle in the Athletic Community: A Cross-Sectional Study of 1086 Female Athletes 

      von Rosen, Philip; Ekenros, Linda; Solli, Guro Strøm; Sandbakk, Øyvind; Holmberg, Hans-Christer; Hirschberg, Angelica Lindén; Fridén, Cecilia (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2022-09-21)
      Many female athletes perceive that symptoms related to the menstrual cycle such as dysmenorrhea, premenstrual symptoms, amenorrhea or side-effects of hormonal contraceptives negatively impact their training, performance, and general well-being. Knowledge and communication about female athletes’ health is therefore important in the sport community. The aims of this study were to explore the level ...
    • Perceived impact of the menstrual cycle and hormonal contraceptives on physical exercise and performance in 1,086 athletes from 57 sports 

      Ekenros, Linda; von Rosen, Philip; Solli, Guro Strøm; Sandbakk, Øyvind; Holmberg, Hans-Christer; Hirschberg, Angelica Lindén; Fridén, Cecilia (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2022-08-30)
      Female athletes train and compete under the potential influence of hormonal fluctuations during the menstrual cycle or during use of various hormonal contraceptives. Dysmenorrhea and premenstrual symptoms are common in the general population, as well as side effects of hormonal contraceptives. More detailed knowledge concerning prevalence and perceived impact of these symptoms on training and ...
    • The perceived influence of menstrual cycle and hormonal contraceptives on training and performance: Comparison between football, handball, and orienteering 

      Ekenros, Linda; von Rosen, Philip; Solli, Guro Strøm; Sandbakk, Øyvind Bucher; Holmberg, Hans-Christer; Hirschberg, Angelica L; Fridén, Cecilia (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2023-12-12)
      Recently, we published self-reported data concerning the perceived effects of the menstrual cycle and hormonal contraceptives on the training and performance of 1086 female athletes participating in 57 sports. However, studies comparing differences between sports with large sample sizes are lacking. The aim of this ancillary study was to compare the impact of the menstrual cycle and hormonal ...
    • Performance-Related Physiological and Haematological Changes During Pregnancy and Postpartum in a Well-Trained Cyclist Performing Endurance Training 

      Almquist, Nicki Winfield; Sandbakk, Øyvind Bucher; Solli, Guro Strøm (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2022-05-09)
      Purpose: To describe the performance-related physiological and haematological changes in a well-trained cyclist (peak oxygen uptake, VO<sub>2peak</sub>: 54.9 ml min<sup>−1</sup>·kg<sup>−1</sup>) performing endurance training during pregnancy and postpartum.<p> <p>Methods: Training data was systemized by training form (endurance and resistance), intensity (low- (LIT), moderate-, and high-intensity ...
    • Prevalence and Self-Perceived Experiences With the Use of Hormonal Contraceptives Among Competitive Female Cross-Country Skiers and Biathletes in Norway: The FENDURA Project 

      Engseth, Tina Pettersen; Andersson, Erik P; Solli, Guro Strøm; Morseth, Bente; Thomassen, Tor Oskar; Noordhof, Dionne; Sandbakk, Øyvind; Welde, Boye (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2022-04-14)
      Purpose: To investigate the prevalence of hormonal contraceptive (HC) use by female cross-country (XC) skiers and biathletes competing at a national and/or international level, their reasons for HC use, and to compare negative symptoms related to the HC-/menstrual cycle in HC users and non-HC users. Additionally, to characterize the self-perceived influence of HC use on training and performance.<p ...
    • The Training Characteristics of World-Class Male Long-Distance Cross-Country Skiers 

      Torvik, Per Øyvind; Solli, Guro Strøm; Sandbakk, Øyvind Bucher (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-01-25)
      Purpose: To investigate the training characteristics of world-class long-distance cross-country skiers. Methods: Twelve world-class male long-distance cross-country skiing specialists reported training from their best season, through a questionnaire and follow-up interviews. Training data were systemized by training form (endurance, strength, and speed), intensity [low- (LIT), moderate- (MIT), ...